SPECIFICATIONS
TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS
Fig. 1: Identifying Torque Specifications
Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
ANTI-THEFT-PASSIVE
The passive anti-theft system (PATS) contains the following components:
- theft indicator
- encoded ignition key
- transceiver module
- powertrain control module (PCM)
- standard corporate protocol (SCP) communication network
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING
ANTI-THEFT-PASSIVE ANTI-THEFT SYSTEM (PATS)
Refer to ANTI-THEFT (Navigator) or ANTI-THEFT (Expedition) Wiring Diagrams for schematic and connector information.
Fig. 2: Identifying Special Tool
Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
Principles of Operation
The PATS uses a specially encoded ignition key. Each encoded ignition key contains a permanently installed electronic device called a transponder. Each transponder contains a unique electronic identification code out of over 18 billion, billion combinations.
The passive anti-theft system (PATS), also known as SecuriLock ® uses radio frequency identification technology to deter a driveaway theft. This system is known as SecuriLock® in North America, Safeguard® in the U.K., and PATS in Continental Europe. Passive means that it does not require any activity from the user.
The SecuriLock® System (PATS) is not compatible with aftermarket remote start systems, which allow the vehicle to be started from outside the vehicle. These systems may reduce the vehicle security level, and also may cause no-start issues. If equipped the remote start system must be removed before investigation of PATS-related, no-start issues.
Each encoded ignition key must be programmed into the vehicle's powertrain electronic control (PCM) before it can be used to start the engine. There are special diagnostic repair procedures described in this section that must be carried out if a new encoded ignition key is necessary.
This system contains a new feature named Unlimited Key Mode. This feature allows a customer to program more than eight keys to the vehicle if they request it. Each vehicle in Unlimited Key Mode is set up with a special Unlimited Transponder Security Key. This allows all the customer vehicles to share the same keys, but no other keys from outside can be used to operate the vehicles. For an individual customer, any randomly selected Security Key is acceptable. Refer to UNLIMITED KEY MODE PROGRAMMING.
The PATS transceiver module communicates with the encoded ignition key. The module is located behind the steering column shroud and contains an antenna connected to a small electronics module. During each vehicle start sequence, the transceiver module reads the encoded ignition key identification code and sends data to the PCM.
The control functions are contained in the PCM. This module carries out all of the PATS functions, such as receiving the identification code from the encoded ignition key and controlling the engine enable. The PCM initiates the key interrogation sequence when the vehicle ignition switch is turned to RUN or START.
All elements of the PATS must be functional before the engine is allowed to start. If any of the components are not working correctly, the vehicle will not start.
The PATS uses a visual theft indicator. The indicator will prove out for three seconds when the ignition switch is turned to RUN or START under normal operation. If there is a PATS concern, this indicator will either flash rapidly or glow steadily when the ignition switch is turned to RUN or START. The PATS system also flashes the theft indicator every two seconds at ignition OFF to act as a visual deterrent.
The following will activate the PATS and will disable the vehicle from starting:
- incorrectly encoded ignition key
- damaged encoded ignition key
- unprogrammed key
- non-encoded key (key has no electronics)
- damaged wiring
- damaged transceiver
- damaged PCM
Inspection and Verification
- Verify the customer concern by operating the system.
- Visually inspect for obvious signs of mechanical and electrical damage.
Fig. 3: Identifying Visual Inspection Chart
Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO. - If an obvious cause for an observed or reported concern is found, correct the cause (if possible) before proceeding to the next step.
- If the diagnostic tool does not power up, refer to the diagnostic tool manual.
- Carry out the DATA LINK DIAGNOSTICS test. If the diagnostic tool responds with:
- CKT914, CKT915 or CKT70 = ALL ECUS NO RESP/NOT EQUIP, refer to MODULE COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK.
- NO RESP/NOT EQUIP for PCM, refer to REMOVAL & INSTALLATION article .
- SYSTEM PASSED, retrieve and record the continuous diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs), erase the continuous DTCs and carry out self-test diagnostic for the PCM.
- If the DTCs retrieved are related to the concern, go to the (PCM) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index to continue diagnostics.
- If not DTCs related to the concern are retrieved, proceed to the SYMPTOM CHART.
Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE (DTC) INDEXDTC Description Source Action B1213 Anti-Theft Number of Programmed Keys is Below Minimum PCM Go To PINPOINT TEST F. B1342 ECU is Defective (EEPROM in PCM not working) PCM INSTALL a new PCM. REFER to REMOVAL & INSTALLATION in ENGINE PERFORMANCE. B1600 PATS Ignition Key Transponder Signal is Not Received PCM Go To PINPOINT TEST B. B1601 PATS Received Incorrect Key-Code From Ignition Key Transponder PCM Go To PINPOINT TEST C. B1602 PATS Received Invalid Format of Key-Code From Ignition Key Transponder PCM Go To PINPOINT TEST D. B1681 PATS Transceiver Module Signal is Not Received PCM Go To PINPOINT TEST E. B2103 Antenna Not Connected PCM Go To PINPOINT TEST A. B2431 Key Program Failure (Defective Key or Transceiver) PCM VERIFY if using correct PATS key, if defective USE new key. - All other DTCs PCM REFER to MULTIFUNCTION ELECTRONIC MODULE.
Symptom Chart
SYMPTOM CHARTCondition Possible Sources Action The anti-theft indicator is always/never on - no three second theft indicator prove-out Go To PINPOINT TEST G. The vehicle does not start Go To PINPOINT TEST H.
Pinpoint Tests
PINPOINT TEST A: NO ANTENNA DETECTED
Fig. 4: Pinpoint Test A: No Antenna Detected
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PINPOINT TEST B: PATS IGNITION KEY TRANSPONDER SIGNAL IS NOT RECEIVED
NOTE: Large metallic objects, electronic devices on the key chain that can be used to purchase gasoline or similar items, or a second key on the same key ring as the PATS ignition key may cause vehicle starting problems and record DTCs under certain conditions. If a fault cannot be identified, examine the customer's key ring for such objects or devices. If present, inform the customer that they need to keep these objects from touching the PATS ignition key while staring the engine. These objects and devices cannot damage the PATS ignition key, but can cause a momentary concern if they are too close to the key during engine start.
If a concern occurs, turn ignition OFF and restart the engine with all other objects on the key ring held away from the ignition key.
Check to make sure the encoded ignition key used by the customer is a Ford approved encoded ignition key (Rotunda is the only approved encoded ignition key).
Fig. 5: Pinpoint Test B: Pats Ignition Key Transponder Signal Is Not Received (B1-B3)
Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
Fig. 6: Pinpoint Test B: Pats Ignition Key Transponder Signal Is Not Received (B4)
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PINPOINT TEST C: PATS RECEIVED INCORRECT KEY-CODE FROM IGNITION KEY TRANSPONDER
NOTE: The PCM disables the engine for one second every time DTC B1601 is set. The ignition must remain in the RUN position for at least one second before an attempt is made to start the vehicle with any encoded ignition key. Check the PCM PID ANTISCAN for this unprogrammed key timeout status.
NOTE: Large metallic objects, electronic devices on the key chain that can be used to purchase gasoline or similar items, or a second key on the same key ring as the PATS ignition key may cause vehicle starting problems and record DTCs under certain conditions. If a fault cannot be identified, examine the customer's key ring for such objects or devices. If present, inform the customer that they need to keep these objects from touching the PATS ignition key while starting the engine. These objects and devices cannot damage the PATS ignition key, but can cause a momentary concern if they are too close to the key during engine start.
If a concern occurs, turn ignition OFF and restart the engine with all other objects on the key ring held away from the ignition key.
Check to make sure the encoded ignition key used by the customer is a Ford approved encoded ignition key (Rotunda is the only approved encoded ignition key).
Fig. 7: Pinpoint Test C: Pats Received Incorrect Key-Code From Ignition Key Transponder (C1-C3)
Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
Fig. 8: Pinpoint Test C: Pats Received Incorrect Key-Code From Ignition Key Transponder (C3-C7)
Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
PINPOINT TEST D: PATS RECEIVED INVALID FORMAT OF KEY-CODE FROM IGNITION KEY TRANSPONDER
NOTE: Large metallic objects, electronic devices on the key chain that can be used to purchase gasoline or similar items, or a second key on the same key ring as the PATS ignition key may cause vehicle starting problems and record DTCs under certain conditions. If a fault cannot be identified, examine the customer's key ring for such objects or devices. If present, inform the customer that they need to keep these objects from touching the PATS ignition key while starting the engine. These objects and devices cannot damage the PATS ignition key, but can cause a momentary concern if they are too close to the key during engine start.
If a concern occurs, turn ignition OFF and restart the engine with all other objects on the key ring held away from the ignition key.
Check to make sure the encoded ignition key used by the customer is a Ford approved encoded ignition key (Rotunda is the only approved encoded ignition key).
Fig. 9: Pinpoint Test D: Pats Received Invalid Format Of Key-Code From Ignition Key Transponder
Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
PINPOINT TEST E: THE PATS TRANSCEIVER MODULE SIGNAL IS NOT RECEIVED
Fig. 10: Pinpoint Test E: Pats Transceiver Module Signal Is Not Received (E1)
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Fig. 11: Pinpoint Test E: Pats Transceiver Module Signal Is Not Received (E2-E3)
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Fig. 12: Pinpoint Test E: Pats Transceiver Module Signal Is Not Received (E4-E5)
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Fig. 13: Pinpoint Test E: Pats Transceiver Module Signal Is Not Received (E6-E7)
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Fig. 14: Pinpoint Test E: Pats Transceiver Module Signal Is Not Received (E8-E9)
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Fig. 15: Pinpoint Test E: Pats Transceiver Module Signal Is Not Received (E10-E12)
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Fig. 16: Pinpoint Test E: Pats Transceiver Module Signal Is Not Received (E12-E13)
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PINPOINT TEST F: ANTI-THEFT NUMBER OF PROGRAMMED KEYS IS BELOW MINIMUM
Fig. 17: Pinpoint Test F: Anti-Theft Number Of Programmed Keys Is Below Minimum (F1-F3)
Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
Fig. 18: Pinpoint Test F: Anti-Theft Number Of Programmed Keys Is Below Minimum (F4)
Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
PINPOINT TEST G: THE ANTI-THEFT INDICATOR IS ALWAYS/NEVER ON
Fig. 19: Pinpoint Test G: Anti-Theft Indicator Is Always/Never On (G1-G2)
Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
Fig. 20: Pinpoint Test G: Anti-Theft Indicator Is Always/Never On (G3-G4)
Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
PINPOINT TEST H: THE VEHICLE DOES NOT START
Fig. 21: Pinpoint Test H: Vehicle Does Not Start (H1)
Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
Fig. 22: Pinpoint Test H: Vehicle Does Not Start (H2-H3)
Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
GENERAL PROCEDURES
KEY PROGRAMMING USING TWO PROGRAMMED KEYS
Fig. 23: Identifying Special Tool
Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
NOTE: This procedure only works if two or more programmed ignition keys are available and it is desired to program additional key(s). If two keys are not available, follow the procedure in Key Programming-Erase All Key Codes and Program Two Keys.
NOTE: PID SPARE_KY must be enabled for this procedure to operate. If this Parameter Identification (PID) Index is not enabled, follow the security access procedure and select Spare Key Programming Switch: Enabled.
NOTE: If the programming procedure is successful, the new key(s) will start the vehicle and the THEFT INDICATOR will illuminate for approximately three seconds and the exit ignition proveout.
NOTE: If the programming procedure is not successful, the new key(s) will not start the vehicle and the THEFT INDICATOR will flash. If the programming procedure was not successful, repeat the key programming procedure from Step 1. If the failure repeats, check Circuit 729 (RD/WH) (hot at all times) in instrument cluster for proper battery voltage. Repair the circuit if voltage is not present. For additional information, refer to DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING to review diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) and perform pinpoint tests as required.
NOTE: Unless in unlimited key mode a maximum of eight ignition keys can be programmed to a passive anti-theft system (PATS) equipped vehicle. Use PID NUMKEYS to determine how many keys are programmed to the vehicle.
NOTE: If the steps are not performed as outlined, the programming procedure will end.
NOTE: Ignition keys must have correct mechanical key cut for the vehicle and must be a PATS encoded key. (Keys are different from previous model year)
- Insert the first programmed ignition key into the ignition lock cylinder and turn the ignition switch from OFF to RUN (maintain the ignition switch in RUN for one second).
- Turn the ignition switch to OFF and remove the first key from the ignition lock cylinder.
- Within ten seconds of turning the ignition switch to OFF, insert the second programmed ignition key into the ignition lock cylinder and turn the ignition switch from OFF to RUN (maintain the ignition switch in RUN for one second).
- Turn the ignition switch to OFF and remove the second key from the ignition lock cylinder.
- Within 20 seconds of turning the ignition lock cylinder to OFF, insert the unprogrammed ignition key (new key) into the ignition lock cylinder and turn the ignition switch from OFF to RUN (maintain the ignition switch in RUN for 1 second).
- If it is desired to program additional key(s), repeat the key programming procedure from the beginning.
KEY PROGRAMMING USING DIAGNOSTIC EQUIPMENT
Fig. 24: Identifying Special Tool
Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
NOTE: This procedure is used when a customer needs keys programmed into the system and does not have two programmed ignition keys available. This procedure is also useful when programmed ignition key(s) have been lost or a new ignition switch assembly as been installed, and it is desired to erase key(s) from the passive anti-theft system (PATS) memory.
NOTE: This procedure will erase all programmed ignition keys from the vehicle memory and the vehicle will not start until two keys have been reprogrammed to the vehicle.
NOTE: Two PATS encoded keys with the correct mechanical cut must be available to carry out this procedure. One or both of them may be the customer's original keys.
NOTE: If additional keys are to be programmed, refer to Key Programming Using Two Programmed Keys. If the remaining keys are with the customer and are not available with the vehicle, then instruct the customer to refer to the Owner's Guide under the "Programming Spare (SecuriLock ® North America, Safeguard ® U.K. or PATS for all other markets) Keys Procedure" for instructions on programming the remaining keys.
- Turn the ignition switch from OFF to RUN.
- Using the diagnostic tool, follow the SECURITY ACCESS to obtain security access. For additional information, refer to ANTI-THEFT SECURITY ACCESS.
- From the diagnostic tool menu, select IGNITION KEY CODE ERASE.
- Turn the ignition switch to OFF and disconnect the diagnostic tool.
- Insert the first encoded key into the ignition lock cylinder and turn the ignition switch to RUN for three seconds.
- Insert the second encoded key into the ignition lock cylinder and turn the switch to the RUN position for three seconds.
- Remove the second encoded key from the ignition lock cylinder.
- The vehicle should now start with both ignition keys.
NOTE: Do NOT select any additional commands from this menu.
KEY PROGRAMMING SWITCH STATE CONTROL
Fig. 25: Identifying Special Tool
Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
NOTE: The spare key programming switch is a diagnostic tool programmable switch which provides the capability to enable/disable the customer spare key programming procedure. This procedure is in the Owner's Literature spare key programming procedure or in this section under Key Programming Using Two Programmed Keys. This programmable switch is provided as a convenience for customers who may not want the spare key programming procedure available to the vehicle driver.
NOTE: The spare key programming switch state can be viewed by PCM PID SPARE_KY.
- Insert a programmed ignition key into the ignition lock cylinder and turn the ignition switch to RUN.
- Using the diagnostic tool Ford Service Function (FSF) card, select PCM from the menu. Follow SECURITY ACCESS to obtain security access. For additional information, refer to Anti-Theft Security Access procedure in this section.
- From the diagnostic tool menu, select SPARE KEY PROGRAMMING SWITCH selection to desired setting:
< ENABLE > Spare key programming procedure is accessible.
< DISABLE > spare key programming procedure is not accessible.
NOTE: The default setting on delivery of all new vehicles is < ENABLE >.
Unlimited Key Mode Programming
Enabling Unlimited Key Mode
NOTE: Unlimited Key Mode is intended for use by those customers who need more than eight keys for their vehicle.
- The customer must choose a 4-digit, non-0000 number that will be programmed to all of their vehicles. All customer vehicles need to use the same number. Valid digits are 0-9 plus the letters A-F.
- Go to next step.
- Using the diagnostic tool, select PCM from the menu. Follow SECURITY ACCESS to obtain security access. For additional information, refer to ANTI-THEFT SECURITY ACCESS.
- If the Unlimited Transponder Security Key PID was 0000, select Active Command: SET UNLIMITED TRANSPONDER KEY. Enter the 4-digit code chosen by the user.
- Select: ENABLE UNLIMITED KEY MODE.
- Select: IGNITION CODE ERASE.
- Disconnect the diagnostic tool and turn the ignition keys off.
- Program in two ignition keys to enable the vehicle by inserting the first encoded key into the ignition lock cylinder and turn the switch to the RUN position for three seconds, then back to OFF.
- Insert the second encoded key into the ignition lock cylinder and turn the switch to the RUN position, after three seconds the THEFT INDICATOR should extinguish.
- Program any additional keys using either KEY PROGRAMMING USING TWO PROGRAMMED KEYS or KEY PROGRAMMING USING DIAGNOSTIC EQUIPMENT.
NOTE: If the PID: UNLIMITED TRANSPONDER KEY ID is not available, Unlimited Key Mode is turned on, and must be turned off before viewing the stored code. At this time, unlimited keys may be programmed to the vehicle. To view/change the stored code, follow the procedure for turning off Unlimited Key Mode below. Check the PID: UNLIMITED TRANSPONDER KEY ID and compare its value against the code chosen in Step 1.
Disabling Unlimited Key Mode
- Using a diagnostic tool, select PCM from the menu. Follow SECURITY ACCESS to obtain security access. For additional information, refer to ANTI-THEFT SECURITY ACCESS.
- Select: DISABLE UNLIMITED KEY MODE.
- Select: IGNITION KEY CODE ERASE.
- Disconnect the diagnostic tool and turn the ignition key to OFF.
- Program in two keys to enable the vehicle by inserting the first encoded key into the ignition lock cylinder and turning the switch to the RUN position for three seconds, then back to OFF.
- Insert the second encoded key into the ignition lock cylinder and turn the switch to the RUN position, after three seconds the THEFT INDICATOR should extinguish.
- Program any additional keys using either KEY PROGRAMMING USING TWO PROGRAMMED KEYS or KEY PROGRAMMING USING DIAGNOSTIC EQUIPMENT.
SPARE KEY PROGRAMMING
Fig. 26: Identifying Special Tool
Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
NOTE: This procedure is used when a customer needs to have an additional key programmed into the vehicle without erasing stored key codes, but does not have two programmed keys available. This procedure is also useful when attempting to determine if an ignition key is defective, as a new key can be installed without erasing keys or without having two programmed keys available.
NOTE: Before programming, the new key must have the correct mechanical cut for the ignition lock.
NOTE: If eight keys are already programmed, this procedure will not allow any further ignition keys to be programmed without erasing all stored key codes first. The number of keys programmed into the system can be determined using the PCM PID NUMKEYS.
NOTE: If more than eight keys are needed, refer to UNLIMITED KEY MODE PROGRAMMING.
- Turn the ignition switch from the OFF position to the RUN position using the new, unprogrammed ignition key.
- Using the diagnostic tool Ford Service Function (FSF) card, select PCM from the menu. Follow Security Access to obtain security access. For additional information, refer to ANTI-THEFT SECURITY ACCESS.
- From the diagnostic tool menu select: IGNITION KEY CODE PROGRAM.
- Turn the ignition switch to the OFF position and disconnect the diagnostic tool.
- Attempt to start the engine with the new ignition key. The vehicle engine should start and run normally.
ANTI-THEFT SECURITY ACCESS
Fig. 27: Identifying Special Tool
Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
NOTE: The security access procedure is utilized to obtain passive anti-theft system (PATS) security access. PATS security access must be granted to erase ignition keys, enable/disable unlimited key mode, and enable/disable the spare key programming switch (PID SPARE_KEY). The security access procedure invokes an inherent 10 minute time delay prior to granting security access during which the diagnostic tool must remain connected to the vehicle. Once security access has been granted, a security access command menu is displayed which offers various command options. (For additional information, refer to Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Configuration Command Index).
NOTE: Once security access has been granted, multiple security access commands should be executed (if necessary) prior to exiting the command menu. This avoids the carrying out of an additional security access procedure and the associated 10 minute time delay.
- From the diagnostic tool Ford Service Function (FSF) card, enter PCM. Select SECURITY ACCESS. This procedure will take 10 minutes to carry out, during which the ignition switch must be in RUN and the diagnostic tool must be connected to the vehicle.
- After the 10 minute security access procedure has been completed, a new menu will be displayed with command options. Select only those functions necessary before exiting out of this menu. Once exited out of this menu, the security access procedure must be repeated again to carry out additional commands.
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION
PASSIVE ANTI-THEFT SYSTEM (PATS) TRANSCEIVER
Removal
- Disconnect the battery ground cable. For additional information, refer to BATTERY, MOUNTING AND CABLES.
- Remove the ignition switch lock cylinder.
- Insert the ignition key into the ignition switch lock cylinder and turn to the RUN position.
- Push the ignition switch lock cylinder release tab with a punch while pulling out the ignition switch lock cylinder.
Fig. 28: Inserting Ignition Key Into Ignition Switch Lock Cylinder
Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO. - If equipped, remove the tilt wheel handle.
Fig. 29: Removing Tilt Wheel Handle
Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO. - Remove the upper and lower steering column shrouds.
- Remove the screws.
- Remove the upper and lower steering column shrouds.
Fig. 30: Removing Upper And Lower Steering Column Shrouds
Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO. - Remove the lower instrument panel steering column cover.
- Remove the screws.
- Remove the lower instrument panel steering column cover.
Fig. 31: Removing Lower Instrument Panel Steering Column Cover
Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO. - Remove the instrument panel steering column opening cover reinforcement.
- Remove the bolts.
- Remove the instrument panel steering column opening cover reinforcement.
Fig. 32: Removing Instrument Panel Steering Column Opening Cover Reinforcement
Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO. - Disconnect the passive anti-theft system (PATS) transceiver electrical connector.
Fig. 33: Disconnecting Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) Transceiver Electrical Connector
Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO. - Remove the PATS transceiver.
- Remove the PATS transceiver retaining screw.
- Remove the PATS transceiver.
Fig. 34: Removing Pats Transceiver
Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO. - To install, reverse the removal procedure.
